Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1 Masters of science. Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.
2 Associated Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.
3 Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
Abstract
Introduction
Diallel crosses can be used to study the gene action and heterotic grouping and patterns. In the recent decade, use of graphical approach or GGE biplot in the investigation of genotype × environment has become more common in breeding programs. In this method, the effect of genotype and genotype and environment interaction are broken and stable cultivar selection is done basis of both effects. When GGE biplot was used for diallel data, each genotype reviled as both line and tester. Also in this case, average performance and stability of genotypes equivalent with the parent GCA and SCA respectively. Biplot method very useful tool for visual assessment and interpretation of the parent’s pattern, the environment and their interaction. The aim of this study provides the following information for wheat base graphical methods: (1) Set parental general combining ability, (2) Estimates specific combining ability for hybrids, (3) Determine the adequate testers for future research, (4) Determine the best hybrids, (5) Determine of heterotic group and patterns among genotypes.
Materials and Methods
In this study, seven varieties of wheat including Alamut, C-84-12, Gaspard, Ghods, Moghan 1 and Afshar (as parents) were used. These varieties with 21 genotypes of F1 generation of them base half diallel (without reciprocal crosses) in 2012-2013 crop year on research farm of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Islamic Azad University of Karaj, in drought stress condition were cultivated. A randomized complete block design with three replications was used. To analysis of variance SAS software and for Diallel analysis D2 software were used. Graphical analysis according to Yan and Hunt method done with GGE biplot software. In order to evaluate the diallel results in bread wheat, biplot method was used. In this study, 12 agronomic traits, including Grain yield, Plant height, Spike length, Spike Weight, Stem diameter length, Awn length of the second internodes, Peduncle length, Extrusion peduncle, Seed length, Seed size and 1000 Seedweight were examined.
Results and discussion
Analysis of variance showed significant differences for most of the traits. General combining ability mean squares for all the traits except plant height, length of the second internodes and stem diameter was significant. Specific combining ability mean squares for all traits except stem diameter was significant at the one percent probability level. The highest and lowest average grain yield for parents was observed for Hamoon and Afshar cultivars and for hybrids observed for crosses the Hamoon × Ghods and C-84-12 × Gaspard. The most significant positive GCA for grain yield, was reviled for Hamoon variety. The most significant SCA for grain yield per square meter, observed for Hamoon × Ghods and C-84-12 × Moghan1. For spike weight, the highest and significant SCA values observed for Afshar × C-84-12 and Alamut × Gaspard. For grain weight the highest SCA observed for Alamoot × Ghods and Afshar × C-84-12. For spike length, Alamoot × C-84-12, Ghods × C-84-12, Afshar × Gaspard and Ghods × Moghan1 had a positive and significant SCA. Based on the results of diallel analysis biplot for grain yield of the lines, Cultivars Alamut and Afshar respectively, have a highest and lowest general combining abillity. Cultivars C-84-12, Ghods, and Gaspard has a specific combining ability were higher than other lines. Cultivars were divided into two groups. The first group includes Cultivars Gaspard, C-84-12 and Hamun, second group includes Alamut, Ghods, Moghan1 and Afshar. Testers Ghods, Alamut, C-84-12 and Gaspard similarities and relationships more than other tester for grain yield. Cultivars Ghods, C-84-12 and Alamut had more discriminating effect than other varieties.
Conclusions
In total, there were significant genetics diversity between cultivars that cause of the additive and non-additive effects in the studied traits such as yield. Comparing the results of numerical analyzes with graphical results represents the good conformity between of these two methods. Due to preferable of graphical methods in terms of faster and simpler interpretation for results, the use of these methods, to facilitate the investigation, recommended.
Keywords
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