Selection of promising drought tolerant barley genotypes using MGIDI, SIIG, CSI indices

Articles in Press

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Phd Student of Plant Breeding, Department of Plant Production and Genetics engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

2 Professor, Department of Plant Production and Genetics engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

3 Assistant Prof., Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Darab, Iran

4 Assistant Prof., Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran

Abstract

Introduction
Drought stress is one of the most severe environmental constraints limiting crop production worldwide. Therefore, screening genetic materials to develop new varieties with improved tolerance is essential for coping with future climate challenges. The main objective of this study was to identify drought-tolerant barley genotypes using several selection indices.
 
Materials and methods
In this study, 17 advanced barley genotypes along with four check genotypes were evaluated under irrigated and drought-stress conditions during the 2022–2024 cropping seasons at the Darab Agricultural Research Station, Darab, Fars, Iran. The experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Each experimental plot comprised six planting rows, with each row 6 m long and uniformly spaced at 15 cm intervals. A seeding density of 300 seeds m-2 was applied. Seeds were sown using an experimental planter (Wintersteiger, Ried, Austria). Fertilizers were applied at rates of 150 kg ha-1 urea, 100 kg ha-1 di-ammonium phosphate, and 50 kg ha-1 potassium sulfate. After removing border rows, all plots were harvested using an experimental combine (Wintersteiger, Ried, Austria). Several grain yield–based indices including tolerance index (TOL), mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP), harmonic mean (HM), stress susceptibility index (SSI), stress tolerance index (STI), relative drought index (RDI), stress susceptibility percentage (SSPI), abiotic stress tolerance index (ATI), stress/non-stress production index (SNPI), yield stability index (YSI), percentage of yield reduction (R%), yield index (YI), the multi-trait genotype–ideotype distance index (MGIDI), selection index of ideal genotype (SIIG), and combination significant index (CSI) were employed to identify the most drought-tolerant genotypes.
 
Results and discussion
The combined analysis of variance for grain yield under irrigated and drought-stress conditions revealed significant differences among the genotypes across both environments. The results showed that genotypes No. 21, 4, and 20, which produced the highest grain yields (6405, 6343, and 6310 kg ha-1, respectively), were superior to the other genotypes under irrigated conditions. Moreover, Genotypes No. 4, 20, and 16 had the highest grain yields under drought-stress conditions, producing 5122, 4848, and 4717 kg ha-1, respectively. Based on MGIDI, SIIG, and CSI, genotypes No. 4, 20, 21, and 16 were identified as drought-tolerant genotypes. The principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that the first and second components explained 68.7% and 28.4% of the total variation among the indices, respectively. The PCA-based biplot grouped all indices into five groups. SIIG, SNPI, YI, Ys, CSI, HARM, GMP, STI, MP and Yp were placed in the first group. The indices in this group showed the strongest correlation with grain yield under both the irrigated and drought-stress conditions. Genotypes no. 4, 16, and 20 with the highest grain yield were placed in this group. YSI and RDI were assigned to the second group along with genotypes 8, 10, and 14. The third group included MGIDI and the genotypes with the lowest grain yield under both stress and irrigated conditions. SSI, SSPI and TOL indices were placed in the fourth group. The fifth group comprised the ATI. This index identifies genotypes that exhibit the highest grain yield under stress conditions and the lowest performance under irrigated conditions.
 
Conclusion
Based on PCA results, different selection indices were clustered into five groups. SIIG and CSI along with SNPI, YI, Ys, HARM, GMP, STI, MP and Yp were classified into the same group. The indices in this group were considered ideal due to their ability to identify high-yielding genotypes under both stress and irrigated conditions. The results obtained from SIIG, MGIDI, and CSI were consistent with one another. Based on these results, genotype No. 4 was identified as the most drought-tolerant genotype.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

 
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Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 01 December 2025

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History

  • Receive Date: 04 October 2024
  • Revise Date: 24 November 2024
  • Accept Date: 30 November 2024

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