نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دوره دکتری، رشته زراعت، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز

2 استاد، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز

3 استادیار بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان آذربایجان غربی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ارومیه

4 دانشیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر کاربرد کودهای بیولوژیکی و سوپر جاذب بر خصوصیات زراعی گیاه کرچک در تیمارهای مختلف آبیاری آزمایش مزرعه‌ای دوساله در سال­های 1398-1397 تا 99-1398 در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی ساعتلو ارومیه اجرا شد. آزمایش به‌صورت اسپلیت‌پلات فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی بود. عامل اصلی شامل تیمارهای آبیاری و تنش خشکی در چهار سطح (70، 100،130 و 160 میلی‌متر از تشتک تبخیر)، و عامل فرعی شامل کاربرد ترکیب کودهای زیستی در چهار سطح (آزوسپریلیوم، سیتروباکتر، تلفیق کاربرد آزوسپریلیوم در سیتروباکتر و شاهد بدون کود) و سوپر جاذب در دو سطح (مصرف سوپر جاذب و عدم مصرف سوپر جاذب) به‌صورت فاکتوریل در کرت‌های فرعی بودند که در سه تکرار به اجرا درآمد. نتایج نشان داد تیمار آبیاری بعد از 160 میلی‌متر از تشتک تبخیر در مقایسه با تیمار آبیاری بعد از 70 میلی­متر ارتفاع بوته، تعداد دانه در بوته، طول خوشه اصلی، تعداد کپسول در بوته، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک، عملکرد دانه، شاخص برداشت، درصد روغن و عملکرد روغن را به ترتیب 7.62، 5.26، 12.19، 5.25، 5.86، 3.83، 9.50، 6.10، 2.38 و 11.83 درصد کاهش داد. در بین تیمارهای کود زیستی نیز تلقیح بذر با سیتروباکتر توانست تعداد کپسول، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک و درصد روغن را در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد به ترتیب 5.05، 17.28، 2.74 و 8.50 درصد افزایش داد. در بین تیمارهای اثر متقابل بالاترین ارتفاع بوته (165.21 سانتی­متر)، طول خوشه اصلی (23.55 سانتی‌متر)، عملکرد دانه (1137.61 کیلوگرم در هکتار) شاخص برداشت (20.72 درصد) و عملکرد روغن (597.91 کیلوگرم در هکتار) به تیمار مصرف سوپرجاذب و تلقیح با سیتروباکتر اختصاص یافت. با توجه به اثر مثبت ترکیب تیمارهای کود زیستی سوپرجاذب و تلقیح با سیتروباکتر بر عملکرد روغن کرچک کاربرد دو تیمار مذکور جهت بهبود این صفت قابل توصیه است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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