نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانش‌آموخته سابق کارشناسی ارشد اگرواکولوژی دانشگاه زابل
2 دانشیار گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی زابل
3 استادیار گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی زابل
4 مربی گروه زراعت، پژوهشکده کشاورزی زابل
چکیده
به منظور بررسی اثر تنش شوری و سطوح مختلف کود پتاسیم بر عملکرد کمی و کیفی کوشیا، آزمایشی در سال زراعی 96-1395 در مزرعه پژوهشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه زابل به صورت کرت-های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در 3 تکرار انجام شد. تنش شوری در سه سطح شامل: 1، 7 و 14 دسی زیمنس بر متر به عنوان عامل اصلی و کود سولفات پتاسیم در سه سطح شامل: 100، 200 و 300 کیلوگرم در هکتار به عنوان عامل فرعی در نظر گرفته شد. نتایج نشان داد تنش شوری باعث کاهش ارتفاع، تعداد شاخه فرعی، وزن تر و خشک گیاه، وزن خشک برگ و ساقه گردید. همچنین نتایج پژوهش حاضر حاکی از آن بود که سطوح مختلف کود پتاسیم باعث افزایش ارتفاع، تعداد شاخه فرعی، وزن تر و خشک گیاه و وزن خشک برگ و ساقه گردید. همچنین نتایج نشان داد در شوری های بالاتر، تاثیر کود پتاسیم در تعدیل اثرات شوری و افزایش ماده خشک بیشتر بود به طوری که کاربرد 300 کیلوگرم در هکتار سولفات پتاسیم در شرایط شوری 1، 7 و 14 دسی زیمنس بر متر باعث افزایش معنی دار وزن خشک به ترتیب به میزان 15.0، 20.4 و 61.2 درصد نسبت به مصرف 100 کیلوگرم سولفات پتاسیم گردید. اثر متقابل شوری و کود پتاسیم نشان داد که آبیاری 1 دسی‌زیمنس و استفاده از 300 کیلوگرم کود پتاسیم باعث افزایش صفات کمی وکیفی گردید.
کلیدواژه‌ها
Arzani, H., Nikkhah, A., Arzani, Z., 1999. Forage quality study. Report of the Research Project on Determination of Economic Size and Basic Units of Rangelands. Forest and Rangeland Research Institute, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran. [In Persian]
Asadipoor, N., Sepehry, A., Hossaini, S.A., 2015. Effects of different levels of salinization on growth indices of three annual medics. Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences. 7, 207-216. [In Persian with English summary].
Ashraf, M. 2004. Some important physiological selection criteria for salt tolerance in plants. Flora-Morphology Distribution Functional Ecology of Plants. 199, 361-376.
Benlloch, M., Ojeda, M.A., Ramos. J., Rodriguez-Navarro, A., 1994. Salt sensitivity and low discrimination between potassium and sodium in bean plants. Plant and Soil. 166, 117-123.
Botella, M.A., Martinez, V., Pardine, J., Cerda A., 1997. Salinity induced potassium deficiency in maize plants. Journal of Plant Physiology. 150, 200-205.
Boyer, J.S., 1982. Plant productivity and environment. Science. 218, 443-448.
Buxton, D.R., Fales, M.R., 1991. Digestibility of structural carbohydrates in cool season grass and Legume forages. Crop Science. 31, 1338-1345.
Cakmak, I., 2002. Plant nutrition research: Priorities to meet human needs for food in sustainable ways. Journal of Plant and Soil. 247, 3-24.
Cakmak, I., 2005. The role of potassium in alleviating detrimental effects of abiotic stresses in plants. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 168, 521-530.
Danesh Mesgaran, M., Stern, M.D., 2005. Ruminal and post-ruminal protein disappearance of various feeds originating from Iranian plant varieties determined by the in situ mobile bag technique and alternative methods. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 118, 31–46.
El-Bassiony, A.M., 2006. Effect of potassium fertilization on growth, yield and quality of onion plants. Journal of Applied Sciences Research. 2, 780-785.
Finley, L.G., Sherrod L.B., 1971. Nutritive value of Kochia scoparia. II. Intake and digestibility of forage harvested at different maturity stages. Journal of Dairy Science. 54, 231-234.
Fisher, D.S., Burns, J.C., 1987. Quality analysis of summer-annual forages. II. Effects of forage carbohydrate constituents on silage fermentation. Agronomy Journal. 79, 242-248.
Fuehring, H.D., Finkner, R.E., Oty, C.W., 1985. Yield and composition of kochia forage as affected by salinity of water and percent leaching. [on line]. http://wrri.nmsu.edu/publish/techrpt/abstracts/abs199.html.[4jun 2005].
Grant, R., Kononoff, P.J., 2007. Feeding it maximize milk protein and fat yield. Neb Guide. University of Nebaraska, Lincolne. P: 12-17.
Greene, W.L., Johnson, A.B., Paterson, J., Ansotegui, R., 1998. Role of Trace Minerals in Cow-Calf Cycle Examined. Feeds Stuffs. Berlin, Germany.
Hall, M.H., Jerry, J., 2000. Use of brassica crops to extend the grazing season. The Pennsylvania State University, USA.
Hannan, A., Arif, M., Ranjha, A.M., Abid, A., Fan, X.H., Li, Y.C., 2011. Using soil potassium adsorption and yield response models to determine potassium fertilizer rates for potato crop on a calcareous soil in Pakistan. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis. 42, 645-655.
Heidari, M., Asgharpour, M.R., 2012. Effect of different levels of potassium sulfate on yield and yield components of grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) under drought stress. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Research. 10, 374 - 381. [In Persian with English summary].
Humphreys, M.O., 1999. Water soluble carbihydradrates in perennial ryegrass breeding. Grass Forage Science. 44, 423-430.
Jabeen, R., Ahmad, R., 2009. Alleviation of adverse effects of salt stress by foliar application of sodium antagonistic essential minerals on cotton. Pakistan Journal of Botany. 41, 2199-2208.
Jafari, A.A., Connolly, V., Frolich, A., Walsh, E.K., 2003. A note on estimation of quality in perennial regress by near infrared spectroscopy. Trish Journal of Agricultural and food Research. 42, 293-299.
Jalali, A.H., 2014. Potassium Application Management for Potato Farming in Soil and Water Salinity Condition. Journal of Land Management. 2, 1-16.
Jalali, A.H., Jafari, P., 2012. Effect of potassium fertilizer on yield of three cultivars of watermelon under salt stress conditions. Journal of Crop Improvement. 14, 31-41. [In Persian with English summary].
Jami Al-Ahmadi, M., Kafi, M., 2008. Kochia (Kochia scoparia L.): To be or not to be? In: Kafi, M., Khan M.A. (Eds.), Crop and Forage Production using Saline Waters, NAM S&T Centre. Daya Publisher, New Delhi.
Kafi, M., Asadi, H., Ganjeali, A., 2010. Possible utilization of high salinity waters and application of low amounts of water for production of the halophyte Kochia scoparia as alternative fodder in saline agroecosystems. Agricalture Water Management. 97, 139-147.
Kafi, M., Borzoei, A., Salehi, M., Kamandi, A., Masomi, A., Nabati, J., 2009. Physiology of Environmental Stresses in Plants. Mashhad University Jihad. 502P. [In Persian].
Kafi, M., Nabati, J., Zare Mehrjerdi, M., Goldani, M., Khaninejad, S., Keshmiri, E., Norooziyan, A., 2012. Effect of calcium and potassium on amelioration of negative effects of salinity on some physiological characteristics Kochia (Kochia scoparia). Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences. 5, 181-192. [In Persian with English summary].
Khaladbarin, B., Eslamzadeh, T., 2005. Organic Nutrition (translated). Volume I, Shiraz University Press. [In Persian].
Khan M.A., Ansari R., 2008. Potential use of halophytes with emphasis on fodder production in coastal areas of Pakistan. In: Abdelly C., Öztürk, M., Ashraf, M., Grignon, C. (eds.), Biosaline Agriculture and High Salinity Tolerance. Birkhäuser Basel. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7643-8554-5_15
Klydri, A.R., Mousavi Nick, S.M., Beheshti, A.R., Safayie, M., 2007. Assessment of crop growth rate, morphological characteristics, and performance physiological and forage sorghum cultivars in Mashhad region. Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 1, 37-52. [In Persian with English summary].
Madrid, J., Hernandez, F.M., Pulgar, A., Cid, J.M., 1996. Nutritive value of Kochia scoparia L. and ammoniated barley straw for goats. Small Ruminant Research. 19, 213-218.
Marschner, H., 1995. Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants. Academic Press. Limited, London. Second Edition. 861 p.
MC Donald, P., Edwards, R.A., Greanhalgh, J.F.D., Morgan, C.A., 1995. Animal Nutrition. Addison Wesley Longman, Inc., U.K., ISE reprint. 607p.
Moore, K.J., Hatfield, R.D. 1994. Carbohydrates and Forage Quality. In: Fahey, G.C. (ed.), Forage Quality, Evaluation, and Utilization, https://doi.org/10.2134/1994.foragequality.c6
Munns R., James, R.A., Lauchli, A., 2006. Approaches to increasing the salt tolerance of wheat and other cereals. Journal of Experimental Botany. 57, 1025–1043.
Munns, R., 2002. Comparative physiology of salt and water stress. Plant, Cell & Environment. 25, 239-250.
Munns, R., Tester, M., 2008. Mechanisms of salinity tolerance. Annual Review of Plant Biology. 59, 651-681.
Nabati, J., 2004. Effect of irrigation intervals on quantitative and qualitative traits of millet, sorghum and maize plants. Master's thesis, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran [In Persian].
Nabati, J., 2009. Effect of salinity on physiological characteristics and qualitative and quantitative traits of forage Kochia (Kochia scoparia). PhD Thesis. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran [In Persian].
Nabati, J., Kafi, M., Nezami, A., Rezvani Moghaddam, P., Masoumi, A., Zare Mehrjerdi, M., 2011. Effect of salinity on yield, yield components and morphological characteristics of Kochia (Kochia scoparia L. Schrad). Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science. 2, 735-743. [In Persian with English Summary]
Nabati, J., Kafi, M., Nezami, A., Rezvani Moghaddam, P., Masoumi, A., Zare Mehrjerdi, M., 2012. Effect of salinity on morphological characteristics, yield and yield components of Kochia (Kochia scoparia L.) Iranian Journal of Field Crop Research. 42, 735-743.
Nabati, J., Kafi, M., Nezami, A., Rezvani Moghaddam, P., Masoumi, A., Zare Mehrjerdi, M., 2012. Evaluation of quantitative and qualitative characteristic of forage kochia in different growth under salinity stress. Electronic Journal of Crop Production. 5, 111-128. . [In Persian with English summary].
Nabati, J., Kafi, M., Nezami, A., Rezvani Moghaddam, P., Masoumi, A., Zare Mehrgerdi, M., 2014. Evaluation of some physiological characteristics and antioxidants activity in kochia (Kochia scoparia) in different of salinity levels and growth stages. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 12, 17-26.
Riasi, A., Danesh Mesgaran, M., Stern, M.D., Ruiz Moreno, M.J., 2008. Chemical composition, in situ ruminal degradability and post-ruminal disappearance of dry matter and crude protein from the halophytic plants Kochia scoparia, Atriplex dimorphostegia, Suaeda arcuata and Gamanthus gamacarpus. Animal Feed Science Technology. 141, 209-219.
Salehi, M., Kafi, M., Kiani, A., 2009. Growth analysis of kochia (Kochia scoparia L. schrad) irrigated with saline water in summer cropping. Pakestanian Journal of Botany. 41, 1861-1870.
Soleimani, M.R., Kafi, M., Ziaee, M., Shabahang, J., 2008. Effect of limited irrigation with saline water on forage of two local populations of Kochia scoparia L. Schrad. Agriculture Science and Technology Journal water and soil. 22, 307-317. [In Persian with English summary].
Strogonov, B. P., 1973. Salt tolerance in isolated tissues and cells. Structure and function of plant cells in saline habitats: new trends in the study of salt tolerance. In: Gollek, B. (ed.), Israel Programme for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem, 1-33.
Tabar Ahmadi, K.Z., Babaeian Jelodar, N.A., 2002. Plant growth at saline and wasteland soils. Mazandaran University Press. 407p. [In Persian].
Tabatabai, S.J., 2009. Principles mineral nutrition of plants. First edition. Publications of Tabriz. [In Persian].
Tilley, J.M.A., Terry, R.A., 1963. A two- stage technique for the in nitro digestion of forage crops. Journal of the British Grassland Society. 18, 104-111.
Valadabadi, S.A.R., Aliabadi Farahani, H. and Khalvati, M.A. 2009. Evaluation of grain growth of corn and sorghum under K2O application and irrigation according. Asian Journal of Agriculture science. 1, 19-24.
)