Investigation on source size limitation and water stress effects on photosynthetic pigmentsو enzymatic activity yield of barley cultivars ( Hordeum vulgare L.)

Mohavieh Assadi, Negin; Bijanzadeh, Ehsan; Behpouri, Ali

doi:10.22077/escs.2019.2108.1520

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

¹ M.Sc. Student of Agroecology Department, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Darab, Shiraz University, Iran

² Associate Prof. of Agroecology Department, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Darab, Shiraz University, Iran

³ Assistant Prof. of Agroecology Department, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Darab, Shiraz University, Iran

https://doi.org/10.22077/escs.2019.2108.1520

Abstract

Introduction
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the most important crops in southern provinces of Iran such as Fars province, which is one of the largest barley producing areas in Iran. (Emam, 2011). In crops, the physiological basis of dry matter production depends on the source-sink relationship, where the source is the potential capacity for photosynthesis and the sink is the potential capacity to store or metabolize the photosynthetic products. When the sink is small, higher yield could not be achieved and even if the sink is large, the yield might not be high when the source capacity is limited (Alam et al., 2008; Emam and Seghatoleslami, 2005; Borras et al., 2004(. Drought stress is an important limiting factor which can cause major effect on crop productivity in arid and semi-arid regions of Iran (Ahmadi et al., 2009). Optimizing the source size after anthesis and its utilization by the sink is one of the major factors enhancing the yield potential in crops especially under water deficit conditions (Bijanzadeh and Emam, 2011). The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effect of defoliation at milk development stage of barley on biochemical traits of barley cultivars under drought stress conditions.
Material and methods
In order to evaluation the effect of defoliation and drought stress on biochemical traits and grin yield of barley cultivars, a greenhouse experiment was conducted at College of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Darab, Shiraz University during 2017-2018. The treatments included of two levels of irrigation regimes (full irrigation and cutting off irrigation at milk development stage of barley), four barley cultivars (Zehak, Nimroz, Reyhan, Khatam) and three defoliation treatments included of non-defoliation, defoliation except the flag leaf and defoliation except the flag leaf and the penultimate leaf, which laid out as a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replicates. At crop maturity, plants were harvested to measure spike length, 100- grain weight, biological yield, harvest index and grain yield and two weeks after applying drought stress treatment, chlorophyll a, b, carotenoid, catalase, and peroxidase contents were measured.

Results and discussion
The results showed that drought stress, cultivars and defoliation interaction had a significant effect (p≤0.01) on chlorophyll a, carotenoid, peroxidase, catalase, and grain yield but it was not significant for chlorophyll b. The results showed that drought stress caused 56.6 % and 24.2 % reduction in grain yield and chlorophyll b, respectively. In agreement to our results, Rahbarian et al. (2011) reported that variation in photosynthetic pigments and grain yield affected by drought stress level, genotype and growth stages of crop. Also, interaction effect of drought stress and defoliation showed 87.71% decrease in the amount of carotenoid. Amini and Hadad (2013) asserted that carotenoid content decrease sharply when plants exposed to drought stress. Defoliation except the flag leaf and penultimate leaf caused 98.76% increase in catalase in Reyhan cultivar, under drought stress. Likewise, defoliation except the flag leaf increase the peroxidase enzyme in all of the cultivars except the Nimroz. Similar to our results, Zhang and Kirkham (1995) and Kafi and Damghanii (2000) declared that catalase and peroxidase activity increased in some wheat cultivars when plants exposed to drought stress and this increasing depended on drought stress level and type of cultivar.

Conclusion
It was concluded that, under water stress, increasing the enzymatic activity by defoliation could play a vital role in barley grain yield especially in Reyhan barley cultivar.

Keywords

References

Abdoli, M., Saeidi, M., Jalali-Honarmand, S., Mansourifar, S., Ghobadi, M.E., 2015. Evaluation of effect water deficiency and source limitation at the post anthesis on grain yield and remobilization of dry matter in bread wheat cultivars. Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences. 7(2), 137-154. [In Persian with English summary].

Abdoli, M., Saeidi, M., 2012. Using different indices for selection of resistant wheat cultivars to post anthesis water deficit in the west of Iran. Annals of Biological Research. 3(3), 1322-1333.

Aebi, H., 1984. Catalase in vitro. Methods in Enzymology. 105, 121-126.

Aggrawal, P. K., Fischer, R. A., Liboon, S. P., 1990. Source–sink relation and effects of post anthesis canopy defoliation in wheat at low latitudes. Journal of Agriculture Science. 114, 93– 99.

Ahmadi, A., Joudi, M., Janmohammadi, M., 2009. Leaf defoliation and wheat yield little evidence of post-anthesis source limitation. Field Crops Research. 113, 99-93.

Ahmed, I. M. Dai, H., Zheng, W., Cao, F., Zhang, G., Sun, D., Wu, F., 2013. Genotypic differences in physiological characteristics in the tolerance to drought and salinity combined stress between Tibetan wild and cultivated barley. Plant physiology and Biochemistry. 63, 49-60.

Akay, U. C., Ercan, O., Kavas, M., Yiliz, L., Oktem, H. A., Yucel, M., 2010. Drought-induced oxidative damage and antioxidant responses in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) seedlings. Plant Growth Regulation. 61(1), 21-28.

Alam, M. S., Rahman A. H. M. M., Nesa M. N., Khan S. k., 2008. Effect of source and/or sink restriction on the grain yield in wheat. European Journal of Applied Science Research. 4(3), 258-261.

Albacete, A.A., Cristina, M.A., Francisco, P.A., 2014. Hormonal and metabolic regulation of sourse-sink relations under salinity and drought: From plant survival to crop yield stability. Biotechnology Advances. 32, 12-30

Amini, Z., Hadad, R., 2013. The role of photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant enzymes against oxidative stress. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Research. 26(3), 265-251. [In Persian with English summary].

Arnon, A.N., 1967. Method of extraction of chlorophyll in the plants. Agronomy Journal. 23, 112-121.

Behroozi, M., Emam, Y., Pirasteh-Anosheh, H., 2017. Effect defoliation on yield and yield components of wheat cultivars under drought stress conditions. Crop Physiology Journal. 8(3), 39-52.

Bijanzadeh, E., Emam, Y., 2010. Effect of source-sink manipulation on yield components and photosynthetic characteristic of wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum and T. durum L.). Journal of Applied Science. 10, 564-569.

Bijanzadeh, E., Emam Y., 2011. Evaluation of assimilate remobilization and yield of wheat cultivars under different irrigation regimes in arid climate. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science. 58, 1243-1259.

Bijanzadeh, E., Naderi, R., Emam, Y., 2013. Source restriction and drought stress effects on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars. Scientific Journal of Agronomy and Plant Breeding. 1(1), 34-40. [In Persian with English summary].

Birsin, M. A., 2005. Effect of removal of some photosynthetic structures on some yield components in wheat. Traim Bilimleri Dergisi. 11(4), 364-367.

Boras, L., Slafer, G. A., Otegui, M. E., 2004. Seed dry weight response to source–sink manipulation in wheat, maize and soybean: a quantitative reappraisal. Field Crop Research. 86(2-3), 131–146.

Chance, B., Maehly, A.C., 1955. Assay of catalases and peroxidase. Methods in Enzymology. 2, 764-775.

Chanish, Sh. Sh., Badridze, Sh.G., Barblishvili, T.F., Dolidze, M.D., 2005. Defoliation photosynthetic rates and assimilates transport in grapevine plants. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology. 52(4), 448-453.

Emam, Y., Saghatoeslami, M.J., 2005. Crop Yield: Physiology and Processes. Shiraz University Press Shiraz. [In Persian].

Emam, Y., 2013. Cereal Crops. Iran: Tehran, Iranian university press. [In Persian].

Emam, Y., Sedaghat, M., Bahrani, H., 2013. Responses of maize (SC 704) yield and yield components to source restriction. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Research. 32, 31-40. [In Persian with English summary].

Emam, Y., 2018. Crop Physiology. Iranian Academic Press. Tehran, Iran. [In Persian].

FAO, 2016. http: // faostat. Fao.org.

Farooq, M., Hussain, M., Siddique, K. H., 2014. Drought stress in wheat during flowering and grain-filling periods. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences. 33, 331-312.

Fischer, R.A., HilleRisLambers, D., 1978. Effect of environment and cultivar on source limitation to grain weight in wheat. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research. 29(3), 443–458.

Foyer, C.H., Fletcher, J.M., 2001. Plant antioxidants: colour me healthy. Biologist (London, England). 48(3), 115.

Guan, Z.Q., Ehai, T., Zhang, Y.X., Xu, J., Wei, W., 2009. Enhancement of cd tolerance in transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing a cd-induced catalase c-DNA. Chemosphere. 76, 623-630.

Habibi, D.M., Boojar, M.A., Mahmodi, A., Ardakani, M.R., Taleghani, D., 2004. Antioxidative enzayme in sunflower subjected to drought stress. p. 1-4. 4th International Crop Science Congress. 26 September. 1 October, 2004. Brishbane. Australia.

Hui-ping, D., Chan-juan, S.H., An-Zh, W., Tuxi, Y., 2012. Leaf senescence and photosynthesis in foxtail (Sataria italica L.) varieties exposed to drought conditions. Australian Journal of Crop Science. 6(2), 232-237.

Jaleel, C.A., Manivannan, P., Wahid, A., Farooq, M., Al-Juburi, H.J., Somasundarm, R., Panneersel Vam, R., 2009. Drought stress in plant: A review on morphological characteristics and pigments composition. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology. 11(1), 100-105.

Kafi, M., Damghanii, M., 2000. Mechanisms of Environmental Stress Resistance in Plants. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Publication. 46 pp. [In Persian].

Khaliq, I., Irshad, A., Ahsan, M., 2008. Awns and flag leaf contribution towards grain yield in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Cereal Research Communications. 36, 65-76.

Lalina, A., Majnon Hoseini, N., Galostian, M., Esmaeilzadeh Bahabadi, S., Marefatzadeh Khamene, M., 2012. Echophysiological impact of water stress on growth and development of Mungbean. International Journal of Agronomy and Plant Production. 3(12), 599-607.

Liu, C., Liu, Y., G.K., Fan, D., Li, G., Zheng, Y., Yu, L., Yang, R., 2011. Effect of drought on pigments, osmotic adjustment and antioxidant enzymes in six woody plant species in karst habitats of southwestern China. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 71, 174-183.

Lopes, M., Reynolds, M.O., 2010. Partitioning of assimilates to deeper roots is associated with cooler canopies and increased yield under drought in wheat. Functional Plant Biology. 37, 147-156.

Manivannan, P., Jaleel, C. A., Sankar, B., Kishorekumar, A., Somasundaram, R., Lakshmanan, G. M., Panneerselvam, R., 2007. Growth, biochemical modifications and proline metabolism in (Helianthus annuus L.) as induced by drought stress. Colloids Surfaces B: Bio interfaces. 59(2), 141-149.

Masoumi, A., Kafi, M., Khazaei, H.R., Davari, K., 2010. Effect of drought stress on water status, electrolyte leakage and enzymatic antioxidants of Kochia (Kochia scoparia) under saline conditions. Pakistan Journal of Botany. 42(5), 3517-3524.

Maydup, M.L., Antonietta, M., Guiamet, J.J, Graciano, C., Lpez, J.R., Tambussi, E.A., 2010. The contribution of ear photosynthesis to grain filling in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Field Crops Research. 119, 48-58.

Minttler R., 2002. Oxidative stress antioxidant and stress tolerance. Plant Science. 405, 415-417.

Moradi, P., Ford-Lioyd, B., Pritchard, J., 2014. Plant-water responses of different medicinal plant thyme (Thymus spp.) species to drought stress condition. Australian Journal of Crop Science. 8(5), 666-673.

Oncel, I., Keles, Y., Ustun, A.S., 2000. Interactive of temperature and heavy metal stress on the growth and some biological compounds in wheat seedling. Environmental Pollution. 107, 315-320.

Rahbarian, R., Khavari-Nejad, R., Ganjeali, A., Bagheri, A.R., Najafi, F., 2011. Drought stress effects on photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence and water. Acta Biological cracoviensia. Series. Botanica. 53(1), 47-56.

Singh, O., Khanam, Z., Misra, N., Srivastava, M.K., 2011. Chamomile Matricaria chamomilla L: an overview. Pharmacognosy Review. 5(9), 95-82.

Ulas, A., Behrens, T., Wiesler, F., Horst, W. J., 2015. Defoliation affects seed yield but not N optake & growth rate in two oilseed rape cultivars differing in post-flowering N uptake. Field Crops Research. 179, 1-5.

Wang L., I., Fan, W., Loescher, W., Dunan, G., Liu, J., Cheng, H. Luo., S. Li., 2010. Salicylic acid alleviates decreases in photosynthesis under heat stress and accelerates recovery in grapevine leaves, BMC plant Biological. 10, 34-48.

Wang, W.B., Kim, Y.H.S., Lee, H., Kim, K.Y., Deny, X.P., Kwak, S.S., 2009. Analysis of antioxidant enzyme activity during germination of alfalfa under salt and drought stress. Plant physiology and Biochemistry. 47, 570-577.

Zadoks, J.C., Chang, T.T., Konzak, C.F., 1974. A decimal code for the growth stages of cereals. Weed Research. 14, 415-421.

Zhang, H., Turner, N. C., Poole, M. L., 2010. Source-sink balance and manipulating sink-sourse relations of wheat indicate that the yield potential of wheat is sink-limited in high-rainfall zones. Crop and Pasture Science. 61, 852-861.

Zhang, J., Kirkham, M.B., 1995. Water relations of water-stressed, split-root C4 (Sorghum bicolo) and C3 (Helianthus annuus; Asteraceae). Plants American Journal of Botany. 1220-1229.

Zhenlin, W., Yin, Y., He, M., Cao, H., 1998. Source-sink manipulation effects on post anthesis photosynthesis and grain setting on spik in winter wheat. Photosynthetica. 35(3), 453-459.

Zhu, G.X., Midmore, D.J., Radford, B.J., Yule, D.F., 2004. Effect of defoliation on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in central Queensland l. Crop response and yield. Field Crops Research. 88, 211-226.

Investigation on source size limitation and water stress effects on photosynthetic pigmentsو enzymatic activity yield of barley cultivars ( Hordeum vulgare L.)

References

References

Volume 13, Issue 2 Open Access PolicyJuly 2020Pages 357-369

Volume 13, Issue 2
Open Access Policy
July 2020
Pages 357-369