Document Type : Original Article

Authors

• Sanaz Ghaffar Moghaddam ¹
• Hossein Sabouri ²
• Abdollatif Gholizadeh ³
• Hossein Ali Fallahi ⁴

¹ M.Sc. Student of Biotechnology, Department of Plant Production, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad Kavous, Iran.

² Associate Professor, Department of Plant Production, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad Kavous, Iran.

³ Academic member, Seed and Plant Improvement Research Department, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad Kavous, Iran.

⁴ Assistanc Professor, Department of Agronomic and Horticultural Research, Research and Education Center of Agriculture and Natural Resource in Mazandaran, Agricultural Extension and Education Research Organization, Sari, Iran.

Abstract

Introduction
Hordeum vulgare L. is one of the earliest products used by humans. Estimates of cereal consumption in the 2017-2018 crop season also increased and grew by 1.4% compared to the 2017-2016 season (FAO., 2017). The compared to other crops, barley has a distinct ecological adaptation and can be cultivated in a variety of climatic conditions (Samarah, 2005). Drought stress increases when the degree of evaporation of leaves exceeds the capacity and the ability of the roots to absorb water from the soil (Naghavi et al., 2016). Plants use different mechanisms for drought resistance, including these methods of escape or drought. Dam farming is dependent on the heavens and Iran is located on the world's dryland belt. By passing from spring to summer, rainfall levels are significantly reduced, and rain, crops grow late in the growing season, reaching and filling with dry land They encounter Joe is one of the major crops grown in rain-fed areas with moderate yields. Therefore, studies are conducted to select drought tolerant cultivars or genotypes in order to increase the yield of barley due to its cultivar and the increasing global dryness (Cattivelli et al., 2008). The purpose of the present study was to provide map of continuity of SSR, iPBS and ISSR markers, drought tolerance evaluation in the studied genotypes, identification of traits related to drought tolerance and location, and determination of continuous molecular markers for QTLs controlling barley agro-morphological traits under drought stress in The vegetative and reproductive stage in the F3 population was the result of a cross between Badia × Kumino cultivars.

Materials and methods
In order to locate the controlling genes associated with agromorphological traits in barley grower under normal conditions and drought stress, 100 F3 families from the cross between two cultivars Badia × Comino were evaluated in a completely randomized design with three replications. This research was carried out in the greenhouse of the University of Gonbad-e-Kavos in the years 2016-2017. Among the superior attributes of parent Badia, a higher performance, stress tolerance and lower cumulative parent stress tolerance and stress tolerance were noted. The continuity map was prepared using 49 pairs of SSR microsatellite markers, 10 ISSR alleles and 90 IPBS alleles.

Results
In this study, the intervals between the iPBS2077-4-iPBS2074-1 and iPBS2231-1-iPBS2274-5 markers on chromosomes number 5 and 7, due to having the highest number of controlling QTLs, were observed in the reproductive and reproductive stages as the most important genomic regions have been identified and their use in breeding programs will be effective as important issues.

Discussion
The results of analysis of variance showed that all traits evaluated at vegetative and reproductive stage had a significant difference in probability level of 1%. Therefore, it can be noted that there is a good genetic variation among the genotypes. A comparison of the mean of traits in Badia × Kumino parents showed that for all traits evaluated in vegetative and reproductive stage, values greater than the parent had the highest trait and less than the minimum trait parent, indicating an trangressive segregation for the studied traits.

Keywords

• Drought stress
• Growth stage
• Gene location
• Linked markers