نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه اگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فرودسی مشهد
2 استاد، گروه اگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فرودسی مشهد
3 دانشیار، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی
چکیده
توانایی گیاهان برای تبدیل انرژی خورشیدی به زیست‌توده عاملی مهم در تعیین عملکرد گیاه در واکنش به تنش‌های محیطی می‌باشد. با توجه به نیاز بالای گوجه‌فرنگی به آب، مدیریت آبیاری به‌منظور رسیدن به عملکردی مطلوب ضروری است. در همین راستا و به‌منظور برآورد ضریب خاموشی و کارایی مصرف نور گوجه‌فرنگی در واکنش به رژیم‌های مختلف آبیاری در مراحل مختلف رشد، آزمایشی به صورت کرت‌های خرد‌شده در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد در دو سال زراعی 1396-1395 اجرا شد. عامل کرت اصلی شامل اعمال کم‌آبیاری به میزان 100، 75 و 50 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه در مرحله رویشی و عامل کرت فرعی شامل اعمال کم‌آبیاری به میزان 100، 75 و 50 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه در مرحله زایشی بود. به‌طورکلی عملکرد گوجه‌فرنگی با افزایش میزان آب آبیاری افزایش یافت، با این حال به شدت تحت تأثیر زمان اعمال آبیاری قرار گرفت. به گونه‌ای که حتی زمانی که شاخص سطح برگ گیاه در وضعیت مناسبی قرار داشت با اعمال کم‌آبیاری در مرحله گلدهی به علت خشک‌شدن و ریزش گل‌ها، عملکرد کاهش یافت. توسعه سطح برگ در طول زمان به ساختار کانوپی در واکنش به میزان آب وابسته بود. شاخص سطح برگ بیشتر، منجر به افزایش تشعشع جذب شده توسط گیاه شد. از این‌رو بالاترین ضریب خاموشی نور در تیمار اعمال آبیاری کامل در هر دو مرحله رشد با مقدار 692/0 به ثبت رسید. مقادیر ضریب خاموشی نور در واکنش به رژیم‌های مختلف آبیاری در طول فصل رشد بسیار متغیر بود. با توجه به میزان نور جذب شده توسط کانوپی، حداکثر کارایی مصرف نور با gDM MJ-1 0.90در تیمار آبیاری کامل به دست آمد. در نتیجه تیمار آبیاری کامل به دلیل بهترین کارایی استفاده از نور بیشترین عملکرد تر میوه را با 99.81 و 101.01 تن در هکتار به ترتیب در سال‌های اول و دوم به ثبت رساند.
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